Reinforcement Method In Active Learning
Reinforcement method is defined as stimulating a student’s behavior with the aim of satisfying specific needs. It is a set of organized methods that work to increase the effectiveness of students, which leads to an increase in their achievement through interaction among them with the study material. There are many methods that are used to apply reinforcement, the most important of which are:
1- Continuous reinforcement: In which reinforcement is provided continuously, whether negative or positive, provided that it is not preceded by negative behavior if the reinforcement is positive, and continuous reinforcement is positive at the beginning of the educational task. It or modifying an undesirable behavior into a desirable one and repeating the reinforcement with the desired behavior.
2– Intermittent reinforcement: Reinforcement is provided in batches and within specific criteria, meaning that it is a procedure by which the student is rewarded, but not for all responses, but for specific selected responses. The student does not forget this good behavior.
3- Differential reinforcement of a high rate of behavior: The reward is presented to the student in this case when he performs the desired behavior regularly, quickly and closely, in order to accustom the student to the organization of his work and the speed in achieving it accurately.
4– Differential reinforcement of low behavior rate: It is done if the student exaggerates the desired behavior such as being alone in answering the teacher’s questions and not giving his colleagues the opportunity to respond or having complete control over a particular activity; The teacher must then reduce the incidence of this behavior by agreeing with the student to determine the limits of participation or the degree of work, and the teacher must reward the student if he adheres to what was agreed upon.
5- Class matches: The teacher can divide the students into groups and ask each group to solve a task or evaluate or summarize and understand a lesson and upon completion reward the group that has outperformed the other groups and this method encourages honest competition and cooperative teamwork.
6– Self-control method: This method encourages the student to have a desire to excel and obtain the prescribed award, so he is a self-censor and realizes that his good behavior is the result of his personal effort and perseverance. The student in this method suggests the desired behavior based on his personal conviction and self-motivation.
Through the presentation of these methods, we find that reinforcement has a major role in education in its ability to manage and control the classroom and increase the effectiveness and activity of the student, in addition to satisfying the child’s psychological needs such as the need for success and self-esteem and treating some learning problems such as academic delay, slow learning and shyness for some students.
