The Difference Between Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and the Communicative Approach

Here is a set of communicative activities such as role-playing, guided conversations, open discussions, personal interviews, jigsaw activities, storytelling, and more. These activities are considered communicative because they fall under the Communicative Approach in general, but not necessarily under Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) specifically. CLT is just one of the methods that emerged from the broader Communicative Approach, which includes multiple methodologies, all of which emphasize the use of language in natural situations to achieve communicative goals.

When examining Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), we find that it has evolved since the 1970s to become one of the most widely used methods in language teaching. It focuses on communicative competence rather than merely teaching linguistic rules. CLT includes two versions:

1. The Strong Version (Strong CLT):

This version relies entirely on communication without explicitly teaching grammar. Over time, it evolved into what is known as Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT).

2. The Weak Version (Weak CLT):

This version combines grammar instruction with communicative activities and language skills to ensure learners develop well-rounded abilities. It is the most widely implemented approach in foreign language curricula and programs.

However, CLT is not the only method within the Communicative Approach. Other methodologies also emphasize communication as the foundation of language acquisition, including:

Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT): Focuses on completing real-world tasks, such as planning a trip or preparing a presentation, where students acquire language while performing these tasks.

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL): Teaches language through academic or professional content, enhancing its use in real-world contexts.

Competency-Based Teaching (CBT): Defines learning objectives based on functional communication skills, such as negotiation abilities or formal report writing.

Text-Based Instruction: Focuses on teaching language through analyzing texts and different discourse practices.

Based on the above, Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is not synonymous with the Communicative Approach; rather, it represents one model among several under its umbrella. The Communicative Approach encompasses a diverse range of methods that vary in their focus on tasks, content, competency, or texts. However, they all share the common goal of promoting authentic linguistic interaction.